John m



(No Model.)

,J. M. PENDLETON.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

Patented June 30, 1885.

N. PETERS, PhoiwLihou-plwr. Wuhinflnn, D. C.

UNTTED STATES PATENT Clarice.

JOHN M. PENDLETON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE EQUITABLE I ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

CPEGTE'TCATICN forming part of Letters Patent No. 321,043, dated June 30, 1885.

Application filed October 7, 1884. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J OHN M. PENDLETON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York, county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Eleetromotors, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is the construction of a simple and cheap electromotor of high efficiency having no deadcenters.

Theinvention consists of afield-magnet with pole-pieces diametrically arranged and cores of one continuous piece of iron, and an armature fitted to rotate in suitable bearings be- I 5 tween the magnetpoles, and composed of three equidistant radial cores, each provided with a bobbin of insulated wire, the inner and outer ends of each adjacent pair of which are connected to separate plates of a three-part commutator secured to the shaft of the armature. Two contact-brushes diametrically arranged convey the electric current to the commutator, so that when one of them is changing the flow of current from oneplateto the succeeding one the other brush bears on the central part' of the third plate. By this arrangment two poles of the armature having similar polarity are always on one side of a central line passing through the field-magnet poles, and the third pole of opposite polarity on the other side of the central line, except during the short interval of time when either of the armaturepoles is directly on said central line, in which position the armaturecoreschange their polar- 5 ity. Then there is one armature-pole on each side of the central line oppositely polarized, and of the right sense for mutual attraction with the field-magnet poles they are approaching, according to the direction of rotation of the 4o armature, from which it will be seen that the motor will start in all positions of its armature, and all the magnetic effects due to the current employed are fully utilized.

The invention further relates to improvev ments in the contact-brush holders,which,with

the other novel features of the machine, will be fully described by reference had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a front elevation of my improved motor, part-lyinsection. Fig. 2isaplanview.

Fig. 3 is a section on the line at 00. Fig. 4 is a diagram viewof the field-magnet poles and armature, and Fig. 5 is an enlarged View of one of the brush-holders.

The field-magnet system comprises a single piece of iron, of which a and b are the poles;

c and c, the cores; and d, the flange-base projecting from the outer side of the lower pole, b. The coils or bobbins c and e of insulated wire are placed on the cores 0 and c, which are 6 curved, as shown, so that the whole of the field closely surrounds the armature, which rotates in the interior between the poles at and b, thereby making the machine very compact, and obtaining a maximum effect from the mass of iron and the amount of wire contained in the coils e and e of the field-magnet system.

The armature consists of one piece ofiron having three radial arms, f f f", providedwith polar extensions, and in the central hub of which is secured the shaft g,fitted to rotate in bearings h 72 forming part of light frames of diamagnetic material secured to the front and rear sides of the magnet-poles a and b. Upon the radial arms fff are placed the coils of insu- 75 lated wire 2' 1; i which are connected to a com niutator secured to the shaft 9, and having three separate plates, j j j These connections are made by means of a ring, 76, of insulating material placed over one end of the com- 8 mutator, and having three screws,which force the ends of the coils i t i passed in pairs through holes in the ring, in close contact with the plate of the commutator, as follows: the inner end oft and the outer end of z" with 8 plate j, the inner end of z" and the outer end of i with plate j, and the inner end of 11 and the outer end of i with plate j Two contact-brushes, ll, bear on opposite sides of the commutator. They are fastened 0 to the posts m and m, so as to be readily attached thereto and adjusted by means of slotted yokes n and or, provided with screw-threaded stems and thumb-nuts, and fitted in-longitudinal slots in the posts at andm, the said brushes 9 5 being passed through the slots in the yokes a and a and clamped firmly against one side of the posts m and m by the thumb-nuts which bear against the other sides of the posts.

With the connections of the field magnet [00 coils and the armature as shown the current enters the free end of the coil 6 (marked passes through said coil to the brush Z, thence through the armature, and, by the brush 1, passes to the coil 6, and leaves the machine by the free ends of this coil (marked It will be observed that when the armature is in the position shown in Fig. 5 the upper magnet-pole, a, having a south polarity, and the lower one, I), a north polarity, the current entering the armature through commutatorplate j imparts to the polar extensions of the cores f andf a north polarity, and to that of the core f a south polarity, which are correct for mutual action with the poles a and b to cause the armature to rotate, as indicated by the arrow, and that when the core f is on the central line, :0, the brush Z changes from plate j to platej, at which time the brush Z is on the center of plate j and the poles f and f the only active ones, so that the core is of south polarity in its movement from the south pole a to the north pole 1). Similar actions take place relatively between all the poles of the armature and the magnet-poles as said armature rotates.

The question of lead necessary to give the contact-brushes is nothere considered, it being wellnnderstood by those conversant in the art.

Having now described the construction and operation of my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an electromotor, the combination of an armature having three radial cores, each provided with a coil of wire, with a commutator having three plates, each connected to an inner and outer end of the coils on adjacent cores, and two brushes diametrically arranged in contact with the commutator, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination, with a fieldmagnet having two poles diametrically arranged, and their cores of one continuous piece of metal, of athree-pole armature and commutator, and brushes constructed and connected, as described, whereby the two poles of the armature on one side of a centralline passing through the field-poles are of one polarity of opposite kindto the third pole on the other side of the central line, substantially as set forth.

3. I11 combination, the brush Z, slotted yoke n, provided with a threaded stem and thumbnut, and the slotted post on, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand at New York, county and State of New York, this 4th day of October, 1884.

JOHN M. PENDLETON.

\Vitnesscs:

ALFRED SnEDLooK, H. l). WILLIAMs. 

